“翻譯專業(yè)資格（水平）考試”(China Accreditation Test for Translators and Interpreters —CATTI )是為適應(yīng)社會主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)和我國加入世界貿(mào)易組織的需要，加強(qiáng)我國外語翻譯專業(yè)人才隊(duì)伍建設(shè)，科學(xué)、客觀、公正地評價翻譯專業(yè)人才水平和能力，更好地為我國對外開放和國際交流與合作服務(wù)，根據(jù)建立國家職業(yè)資格證書制度的精神,在全國實(shí)行統(tǒng)一的、面向社會的、國內(nèi)最具權(quán)威的翻譯專業(yè)資格（水平）認(rèn)證；是對參試人員口譯或筆譯方面的雙語互譯能力和水平的認(rèn)定。
翻譯專業(yè)資格(水平)考試合格，頒發(fā)由國家人力資源和社會保障部統(tǒng)一印制并用印的《中華人民共和國翻譯專業(yè)資格(水平)證書》。該證書在全國范圍有效，是聘任翻譯專業(yè)技術(shù)職務(wù)的必備條件之一。根據(jù)國家人力資源和社會保障部有關(guān)規(guī)定，翻譯專業(yè)資格（水平）考試已經(jīng)正式納入國家職業(yè)資格證書制度，該考試在全國推開后，相應(yīng)語種和級別的翻譯專業(yè)技術(shù)職務(wù)評審工作不再進(jìn)行。
根據(jù)國家人力資源和社會保障部《翻譯專業(yè)資格（水平）考試暫行規(guī)定》（人發(fā)[2003]21號）的精神，翻譯專業(yè)資格(水平)考試在國家人力資源和社會保障部指導(dǎo)下,由中國外文出版發(fā)行事業(yè)局(以下簡稱“中國外文局”)組織實(shí)施與管理。根據(jù)《翻譯專業(yè)資格（水平）考試暫行規(guī)定》中國外文局組建翻譯專業(yè)資格(水平)考試專家委員會。該委員會負(fù)責(zé)擬定考試語種、考試科目、考試大綱和考試命題,研究建立考試題庫等有關(guān)工作。中國外文局翻譯專業(yè)資格考評中心負(fù)責(zé)該考試的具體實(shí)施工作。
2003年人事部制定下發(fā)了《翻譯專業(yè)資格（水平）考試暫行規(guī)定》和《二級、三級翻譯專業(yè)資格（水平）考試實(shí)施辦法》，2003年7月成立了翻譯專業(yè)資格（水平）考試英語專家委員會，并于2003年12月6日至7日，全國首次二級、三級英語口譯、筆譯試點(diǎn)考試在北京、上海、廣州三個城市舉行。經(jīng)過多方協(xié)商、共同協(xié)作和精心組織，圓滿完成了本次試點(diǎn)考試任務(wù)?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，人事部專技司、外文局、外專局培訓(xùn)中心和人事部人事考試中心還專門召開了座談會，認(rèn)真聽取考生對試點(diǎn)考試的意見和建議。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，本次試點(diǎn)考試共有1682人報(bào)名，1629人參加考試，492人經(jīng)考試合格取得翻譯資格證書。試點(diǎn)考試的參考率高、考生范圍廣，從各方面反映看，試點(diǎn)工作得到了人事部、外文局領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、各位專家及社會各界的充分肯定。外文局常務(wù)副局長、翻譯專業(yè)資格（水平）考試籌備工作領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組組長郭曉勇稱“考試社會反響良好”。根據(jù)考試中出現(xiàn)的問題和考生反映的情況，外文局請英語專家委員會調(diào)整了英語考試大綱的部分內(nèi)容。翻譯資格（水平）考試報(bào)名條件放開，面向社會，得到廣大考生的歡迎和社會的認(rèn)可，符合人才評價的發(fā)展方向。由高等院校和翻譯一線的專家承擔(dān)的命題工作是成功的，起到了通過試點(diǎn)檢驗(yàn)命題標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、命題方式和試卷結(jié)構(gòu)的作用，這為在全國繼續(xù)擴(kuò)大試點(diǎn)提供了寶貴的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，得到了廣大考生的認(rèn)可。
2004年5月下旬，英語二、三級翻譯資格試點(diǎn)考試?yán)^續(xù)擴(kuò)大。二、三級口譯考試擴(kuò)大到北京、上海、廣州、天津、重慶、武漢等六城市，筆譯考試除以上六市外還擴(kuò)大到西安、南京、鄭州、成都、長春、福州等共１２個城市。2004年11月13日、14日，英語二、三級翻譯資格試點(diǎn)考試筆譯考試在全國25個城市、口譯考試在全國15個城市進(jìn)行；法語二、三級考試在北京、上海試點(diǎn)考試；日語二、三級考試在北京、上海、大連試點(diǎn)考試?？荚嚧缶V的編寫、國家翻譯資格考試標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的確定、考試試題的命制等都是由翻譯資格考試最高層次的專家組織——日、法語專家委員會的專家們參與完成的。這些專家都是翻譯界的資深教授和學(xué)者，代表著法語、日語翻譯界的最高水平。同時專家委員會對考試制度的建立和完善，對更好地形成一套科學(xué)化、社會化、規(guī)范化的翻譯人才評價制度都發(fā)揮了重要作用。人事部專業(yè)技術(shù)人員管理司司長劉寶英在日法語考試試點(diǎn)成立大會上說：“我們相信，這項(xiàng)資格考試在推行幾年、十幾年后，中國會有一大批高素質(zhì)的翻譯、翻譯家成長起來，更好的為我國的對外開放、經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)做出重要貢獻(xiàn)。”外文局常務(wù)副局長郭曉勇說：“在翻譯專業(yè)中實(shí)行資格考試制度，是中國提高翻譯人才整體素質(zhì)和規(guī)范國家翻譯人才資格標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的重要舉措，也是對翻譯人才評價方式的重大改革。”
據(jù)全國翻譯專業(yè)資格（水平）考試專家委員會主任黃友義介紹:預(yù)計(jì)2005年就將在全國范圍內(nèi)鋪開，語種也將逐步擴(kuò)大為俄、德、西班牙、阿拉伯等多個語種，英語還將開設(shè)同聲傳譯。由于一旦某語種相應(yīng)級別的考試在全國統(tǒng)一進(jìn)行，將不再實(shí)行該語種相應(yīng)的職稱評審工作。停止評審后，專業(yè)技術(shù)人員只有參加相應(yīng)的考試，才能具備被聘任的資格。因此，翻譯專業(yè)技術(shù)人員如有再晉升專業(yè)技術(shù)職務(wù)的需要，最好參加更高級別的考試。這項(xiàng)考試分三級、二級、一級口筆譯翻譯和資深翻譯4個等級，大體同目前翻譯職稱中的初級、中級、副高、正高職稱相對應(yīng)?？荚嚨碾y度大致為：三級，非外語專業(yè)本科畢業(yè)、通過大學(xué)英語六級考試或外語大專畢業(yè)生水平，并具備一定的口筆譯實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)；二級，非外語專業(yè)研究生畢業(yè)或外語專業(yè)本科畢業(yè)生水平，并具備3－5年的翻譯實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)；一級，具備8－10年的翻譯實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)，是某語種雙語互譯方面的行家。資深翻譯實(shí)行考核評審方式取得，申報(bào)資深翻譯的人員須具有一級口譯或筆譯翻譯資格（水平）證書；一級口譯、筆譯翻譯實(shí)行考試與評審相結(jié)合的方式取得。目前我們進(jìn)行的是二級口譯、筆譯翻譯和三級口譯、筆譯翻譯的考試。
中國外文局組織實(shí)施的翻譯專業(yè)資格證書與職稱掛鉤，建立這個翻譯人員資格考試制度后，翻譯和助理翻譯專業(yè)職稱將不再通過評審，而是由二、三級口譯和筆譯考試、評定替代，從而改變了過去以單一評審模式對翻譯人才進(jìn)行評價的方式。而且，全國翻譯專業(yè)資格證書要求的專業(yè)性比較強(qiáng)，不僅適合從事外文工作的專業(yè)人士考取，也是其他專業(yè)人士進(jìn)入翻譯行業(yè)的準(zhǔn)入證。
翻譯工作是我國對外交流和國際交往的橋梁和紐帶，發(fā)展翻譯事業(yè)也是我國對外改革開放的必然要求。為提高翻譯人員素質(zhì)、加強(qiáng)翻譯人才隊(duì)伍建設(shè)，進(jìn)一步推廣翻譯專業(yè)資格考試是順應(yīng)國家經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的需要的。翻譯專業(yè)人才在我國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和社會進(jìn)步中起著非常重要的作用，特別是在吸收引進(jìn)外國的先進(jìn)科技知識和加強(qiáng)國際交流與合作方面，翻譯是橋梁和紐帶。翻譯人員的政治素質(zhì)和業(yè)務(wù)素質(zhì)的提高，對于我國在政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、科技等領(lǐng)域全方位加強(qiáng)國際合作起著關(guān)鍵的作用。 黨中央、國務(wù)院高度關(guān)注和重視人才戰(zhàn)略的實(shí)施，“小康大業(yè)，人才為本”。翻譯人才是我國專業(yè)人才的重要組成部分，將翻譯專業(yè)資格（水平）考試納入我國職業(yè)資格制度通盤考慮、通盤設(shè)計(jì)，是進(jìn)一步規(guī)范和提高翻譯人員的業(yè)務(wù)素質(zhì)，適應(yīng)我國加入世貿(mào)組織和提高翻譯隊(duì)伍的要求，也是為了改革、改進(jìn)、完善翻譯專業(yè)技術(shù)職務(wù)評審和聘任制度。
此外，現(xiàn)行的各級翻譯人員的評審按地域或行業(yè)組織，因此，其評價水平也體現(xiàn)了地域性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。實(shí)施翻譯專業(yè)資格考試制度，將有助于翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的社會化。全國翻譯專業(yè)資格（水平）考試，作為國家的一種資格制度建立并組織實(shí)施，應(yīng)當(dāng)是翻譯界的一件大事，它是為培養(yǎng)高層次翻譯人才做的一項(xiàng)制度建設(shè)，是為推動翻譯隊(duì)伍建設(shè)所作的一件大事。國家實(shí)施學(xué)歷證書和職業(yè)資格證書并重的制度是在黨的十四屆三中全會決定中提出的，目前已建立和實(shí)施31項(xiàng)。職業(yè)資格是人才評價的重要手段和機(jī)制，當(dāng)前正處于起步階段，將來的發(fā)展領(lǐng)域會很廣，任務(wù)會很艱巨。我們要從實(shí)施人才戰(zhàn)略的要求出發(fā)，規(guī)劃好、設(shè)計(jì)好、實(shí)施好我國的職業(yè)資格制度，通過建立具有中國特色的專業(yè)技術(shù)人員職業(yè)資格制度體系，將中國人才評價工作推向新的階段，以適應(yīng)我國人才戰(zhàn)略的要求。
Introduction to CATTI
(China Accreditation Test for Translators and Interpreters)
China Accreditation Test for Translators and Interpreters (CATTI) is the most authoritative translation and interpretation proficiency qualification accreditation test which is implemented throughout the country according to uniform standards and in compliance with the national system of professional qualification certificates and which meets social needs. It is designed to meet the needs of a socialist market economy and China’s accession to WTO, build a large contingent of translators and interpreters in our country, appraise their proficiency and competence scientifically, objectively and fairly and better serve the opening up. It is an authoritative accreditation test for examinees’ bilingual translation or interpretation proficiency.
CIPG is responsible for organizing, implementing and administering the test under the guidance of the Ministry of Personnel of the People’s Republic of China. If an examinee passes the test, he/she is awarded the Translation and Interpretation Proficiency Qualification Certificate of the People’s Republic of China. The Certificate is valid throughout the People’s Republic of China. It is one of the prerequisites for translation and interpretation professional and technical post. According to the relevant regulations of the Ministry of Personnel of the People’s Republic of China, translation and interpretation proficiency qualification test has been incorporated into the national system of professional qualification certificates. After the test is introduced to the whole country, appraisal of translation and interpretation professional and technical posts for corresponding foreign languages and levels will cease.
I. Languages to Be Tested
English, Japanese, Russian, German, French, Spanish, Arabic and other languages
II. Levels and Professional Competence
(1) Senior Translator and Interpreter: Candidates have been engaged in translation and interpretation for a long time, have extensive scientific and cultural knowledge, reach advanced level in bilingual translation and interpretation, can solve major difficult problems arising in translation and interpretation and make great contributions to developing translating and interpreting undertakings and training translators and interpreters in both theory and practice.
(2) Translator and Interpreter of Level 1: Candidates have rich scientific and cultural knowledge and a high competence for bilingual translation and interpretation, can be qualified for extensive and difficult translation and interpretation, solve difficult problems arising in translation and interpretation and are capable of interpreting at important international conferences or finalizing translations.
(3) Translator and Interpreter of Level 2: Candidates have some scientific and cultural knowledge, have a good competence for bilingual translation and interpretation and are capable of translating and interpreting in some areas and with some difficulties.
(4) Translator and Interpreter of Level 3: Candidates have rudimentary scientific and cultural knowledge and a general competence for bilingual translation and interpretation and can accomplish general translation work.
III. Methods of Test and Appraisal
The titles of Senior Translator and Interpreter are acquired through the method of appraisal, and candidates for Senior Translator and Interpreter must obtain the Translation and Interpretation Proficiency Qualification Certificates for Translator and Interpreter of Level 1. The titles of Translator and Interpreter of Level 1 are acquired through the method of test and appraisal. The concrete methods of appraisal of Senior Translator and Interpreter and Translator and Interpreter of Level 1 will be formulated separately.
The methods of tests based on uniform outlines, uniform test papers and uniform standards are adopted for Translator and Interpreter of Level 2 and Translator and Interpreter of Level 3.
IV. Parts of Tests
The test for interpreter consists of two parts: Interpreting Comprehensive Aptitude and Interpreting Practice. The Interpreting Practice in the test for Interpreters of Level 2 consists of two specialities: Consecutive Interpreting and Simultaneous Interpreting.
The test for translator consists of two parts: Translating Comprehensive Aptitude and Translating Practice.
V. Methods of Tests
The test for Interpreting Comprehensive Aptitude proceeds by listening to the tape and answering questions in writing as required. Consecutive Interpreting and Simultaneous Interpreting in the Interpreting Practice in the test for Interpreters of Level 2 and the Interpreting Practice in the test for Interpreters of Level 3 proceed by on-site recording. The time for the Interpreting Comprehensive Aptitude and Consecutive Interpreting and Simultaneous Interpreting in the Interpreting Practice in the test for Interpreters of Level 2 is 60 minutes. The time for Interpreting Practice for Interpreters of Level 3 is 30 minutes.
Tests for Translating Comprehensive Aptitude and Translating Practice proceed by writing directly on test papers. The time for Translating Comprehensive Aptitude is 120 minutes, and the time for Translating Practice is 180 minutes.
VI. Awarding of Certificates and Regular Registration
Candidates must pass two parts of tests for translator or interpreter at corresponding levels once and obtain the Translation and Interpretation Proficiency Qualification Certificate of the People’s Republic of China printed and sealed by the Ministry of Personnel of the People’s Republic of China. The Certificate is valid throughout the People’s Republic of China.
The system of regular registration is implemented for the Certificate, and registration is handled every three years. A bearer of the Certificate should handle formalities for re-registration in the designated office according to regulations prior to the expiration of the period of validity of the Certificate. The bearer of the Certificate needs to show the certificate for continuation education or professional training at the time of re-registration.
In light of needs, employers can give corresponding posts to those candidates who obtain the Translation and Interpretation Proficiency Qualification Certificate for Translator or Interpreter of Level 2 or Translator or Interpreter of Level 3 and who meet qualifications for posts of translator or interpreter or assistant translator or assistant interpreter as prescribed in the Regulations on Posts of Translator and Interpreter for Trial Implementation.
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